Omghawaii

Standards preceding RL.6.1 are RL.5.1. Standards that are taught after students master RL.6.1 are RL.7.1. The Lumos Coherence map for RL.6.1 includes standards correlations, description and a list of apps, questions, videos, books and other resources related to RL.6.1.

Last updated on NOVEMBER 13, 2019

• Coherence 6.1 Coherence allows you to turn any website into a full-blown macOS appplication in seconds. And, using the power of Google Chrome, allows each app to have separate settings and extensions.
• Coherence - 6.1 - Turn websites into apps. By Kecodoc 75 0. Coherence allows you to turn any website into a full-blown macOS application in seconds. Simply name your app, type in a URL, and grab a favicon. And, using the power of Google Chrome, Coherence allows each app to have separate settings and extensions.

Applies to:

Oracle Coherence - Version 3.6.1 to 3.6.1 [Release AS10g]
Oracle Solaris on SPARC (32-bit)
Oracle Solaris on SPARC (64-bit)
Oracle Solaris on x86 (32-bit)
Oracle Solaris on x86-64 (64-bit)
***Checked for relevance on 22-FEB-2013***

Symptoms

When starting a cache server in Coherence 3.6.1 the following error appears in the log file:

Coherence 12c

Cause

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Coherence 6.1 Review

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In physics, two wave sources are coherent if they have a constant phase difference and the same frequency, the same waveform. Coherence is an ideal property of waves, it contains several distinct concepts, which are limiting cases that never quite occur in reality but allow an understanding of the physics of waves, has become a important concept in quantum physics. More coherence describes all properties of the correlation between physical quantities of a single wave, or between several waves or wave packets. Interference is the addition, in the mathematical sense, of wave functions. A single wave can interfere with itself. Constructive or destructive interferences are limit cases, two waves always interfere if the result of the addition is complicated or not remarkable; when interfering, two waves can add together to create a wave of greater amplitude than either one or subtract from each other to create a wave of lesser amplitude than either one, depending on their relative phase. Two waves are said to be coherent.

The amount of coherence can be measured by the interference visibility, which looks at the size of the interference fringes relative to the input waves. Spatial coherence describes the correlation between waves at different points in space, either lateral or longitudinal. Temporal coherence describes the correlation between waves observed at different moments in time. Both are observed in Young's interference experiment. Once the fringes are obtained in the Michelson interferometer, when one of the mirrors is moved away the time for the beam to travel increases and the fringes become dull and disappear, showing temporal coherence. If in a double-slit experiment, the space between the two slits is increased, the coherence dies and the fringes disappear, showing spatial coherence. In both cases, the fringe amplitude disappears, as the path difference increases past the coherence length. Coherence was conceived in connection with Thomas Young's double-slit experiment in optics but is now used in any field that involves waves, such as acoustics, electrical engineering and quantum mechanics.

Coherence describes the statistical similarity of a field at two points in time. The property of coherence is the basis for commercial applications such as holography, the Sagnac gyroscope, radio antenna arrays, optical coherence tomography and telescope interferometers. A precise definition is given at degree of coherence; the coherence function between two signals x and y is defined as γ x y 2 = | S x y | 2 S x x S y y where S x y is the cross-spectral density of the signal and S x x and S y y are the power spectral density functions of x and y, respectively. The cross-spectral density and the power spectral density are defined as the Fourier transforms of the cross-correlation and the autocorrelation signals, respectively. For instance, if the signals are functions of time, the cross-correlation is a measure of the similarity of the two signals as a function of the time lag relative to each other and the autocorrelation is a measure of the similarity of each signal with itself in different instants of time.

In this case the coherence is a function of frequency. Analogously, if x and y are functions of space, the cross-correlation measures the similarity of two signals in different points in space and the autocorrelations the similarity of the signal relative to itself for a certain separation distance. In that case, coherence is a function of wavenumber; the coherence varies in the interval 0 ⩽ γ x y 2 ⩽ 1.. If γ x y 2 = 1 it means that the signals are correlated or linearly related and if γ x y 2 ( f

In modern physics, the double-slit experiment is a demonstration that light and matter can display characteristics of both classically defined waves and particles. The experiment was first performed with light by Thomas Young in 1801. In 1927, Davisson and Germer demonstrated that electrons show the same behavior, extended to atoms and molecules. Thomas Young's experiment with light was part of classical physics well before quantum mechanics, the concept of wave-particle duality, he believed it demonstrated that the wave theory of light was correct, his experiment is sometimes referred to as Young's experiment or Young's slits. The experiment belongs to a general class of 'double path' experiments, in which a wave is split into two separate waves that combine into a single wave. Changes in the path lengths of both waves result in a phase shift, creating an interference pattern. Another version is the Mach -- Zehnder interferometer. In the basic version of this experiment, a coherent light source, such as a laser beam, illuminates a plate pierced by two parallel slits, the light passing through the slits is observed on a screen behind the plate.

The wave nature of light causes the light waves passing through the two slits to interfere, producing bright and dark bands on the screen – a result that would not be expected if light consisted of classical particles. However, the light is always found to be absorbed at the screen at discrete points, as individual particles. Furthermore, versions of the experiment that include detectors at the slits find that each detected photon passes through one slit, not through both slits. However, such experiments demonstrate that particles do not form the interference pattern if one detects which slit they pass through; these results demonstrate the principle of wave–particle duality. Other atomic-scale entities, such as electrons, are found to exhibit the same behavior when fired towards a double slit. Additionally, the detection of individual discrete impacts is observed to be inherently probabilistic, inexplicable using classical mechanics; the experiment can be done with entities much larger than electrons and photons, although it becomes more difficult as size increases.

The largest entities for which the double-slit experiment has been performed were molecules that each comprised 810 atoms. The double-slit experiment has become a classic thought experiment, for its clarity in expressing the central puzzles of quantum mechanics; because it demonstrates the fundamental limitation of the ability of the observer to predict experimental results, Richard Feynman called it 'a phenomenon, impossible to explain in any classical way, which has in it the heart of quantum mechanics. In reality, it contains the only mystery.' If light consisted of ordinary or classical particles, these particles were fired in a straight line through a slit and allowed to strike a screen on the other side, we would expect to see a pattern corresponding to the size and shape of the slit. However, when this 'single-slit experiment' is performed, the pattern on the screen is a diffraction pattern in which the light is spread out; the smaller the slit, the greater the angle of spread. The top portion of the image shows the central portion of the pattern formed when a red laser illuminates a slit and, if one looks two faint side bands.

More bands can be seen with a more refined apparatus. Diffraction explains the pattern as being the result of the interference of light waves from the slit. If one illuminates two parallel slits, the light from the two slits again interferes. Here the interference is a more pronounced pattern with a series of alternating light and dark bands; the width of the bands is a property of the frequency of the illuminating light. When Thomas Young first demonstrated this phenomenon, it indicated that light consists of waves, as the distribution of brightness can be explained by the alternately additive and subtractive interference of wavefronts. Young's experiment, performed in the early 1800s, played a vital part in the acceptance of the wave theory of light, vanquishing the corpuscular theory of light proposed by Isaac Newton, the accepted model of light propagation in the 17th and 18th centuries. However, the discovery of the photoelectric effect demonstrated that under different circumstances, light can behave as if it is composed of discrete particles.

Coherence 123

These contradictory discoveries made it necessary to go beyond classical physics and take the quantum nature of light into account. Feynman was fond of saying that all of quantum mechanics can be gleaned from thinking through the implications of this single experiment, he proposed that if detectors were placed before each slit, the interference pattern would disappear. The Englert–Greenberger duality relation provides a detailed treatment of the mathematics of double-slit interference in the context of quantum mechanics. A low-intensity double-slit experiment was first performed by G. I. Taylor in 1909, by reducing the level of incident light until photon emission/absorption events were non-overlapping. A double-slit experiment was not performed with anything other than light until 1961, when Claus Jönsson of the University of Tübingen performed it with electron beams. In 1974, the Italian physicists Pier G

The Michelson interferometer is a common configuration for optical interferometry and was invented by Albert Abraham Michelson. Using a beam splitter, a light source is split into two arms; each of those light beams is reflected back toward the beamsplitter which combines their amplitudes using the superposition principle. The resulting interference pattern, not directed back toward the source is directed to some type of photoelectric detector or camera. For different applications of the interferometer, the two light paths can be with different lengths or incorporate optical elements or materials under test; the Michelson interferometer is employed in many scientific experiments and became well known for its use by Albert Michelson and Edward Morley in the famous Michelson–Morley experiment in a configuration which would have detected the earth's motion through the supposed luminiferous aether that most physicists at the time believed was the medium in which light waves propagated. The null result of that experiment disproved the existence of such an aether, leading to the special theory of relativity and the revolution in physics at the beginning of the twentieth century.

In 2015, another application of the Michelson interferometer, LIGO, made the first direct observation of gravitational waves. That observation confirmed an important prediction of general relativity, validating the theory's prediction of space-time distortion in the context of large scale cosmic events. A Michelson interferometer consists minimally of mirrors M1 & M2 and a beam splitter M. In Fig 2, a source S emits light that hits the beam splitter surface M at point C. M is reflective, so part of the light is transmitted through to point B while some is reflected in the direction of A. Both beams recombine at point C' to produce an interference pattern incident on the detector at point E. If there is a slight angle between the two returning beams, for instance an imaging detector will record a sinusoidal fringe pattern as shown in Fig. 3b. If there is perfect spatial alignment between the returning beams there will not be any such pattern but rather a constant intensity over the beam dependent on the differential pathlength.

Fig. 2 shows use of a coherent source. Narrowband spectral light from a discharge or white light can be used, however to obtain significant interference contrast it is required that the differential pathlength is reduced below the coherence length of the light source; that can be only micrometers for white light. If a lossless beamsplitter is employed one can show that optical energy is conserved. At every point on the interference pattern, the power, not directed to the detector at E is rather present in a beam returning in the direction of the source; as shown in Fig. 3a and 3b, the observer has a direct view of mirror M1 seen through the beam splitter, sees a reflected image M'2 of mirror M2. The fringes can be interpreted as the result of interference between light coming from the two virtual images S'1 and S'2 of the original source S; the characteristics of the interference pattern depend on the nature of the light source and the precise orientation of the mirrors and beam splitter. In Fig. 3a, the optical elements are oriented so that S'1 and S'2 are in line with the observer, the resulting interference pattern consists of circles centered on the normal to M1 and M'2.

If, as in Fig. 3b, M1 and M'2 are tilted with respect to each other, the interference fringes will take the shape of conic sections, but if M1 and M'2 overlap, the fringes near the axis will be straight and spaced. If S is an extended source rather than a point source as illustrated, the fringes of Fig. 3a must be observed with a telescope set at infinity, while the fringes of Fig. 3b will be localized on the mirrors. White light is difficult to use in a Michelson interferometer. A narrowband spectral source requires careful attention to issues of chromatic dispersion when used to illuminate an interferometer; the two optical paths must be equal for all wavelengths present in the source. This requirement can be met if both light paths cross an equal thickness of glass of the same dispersion. In Fig. 4a, the horizontal beam crosses the beam splitter three times, while the vertical beam crosses the beam splitter once. To equalize the dispersion, a so-called compensating plate identical to the substrate of the beam splitter may be inserted into the path of the vertical beam.

In Fig. 4b, we see using a cube beam splitter equalizes the pathlengths in glass. The requirement for dispersion equalization is eliminated by using narrowband light from a laser; the extent of the fringes depends on the coherence length of the source. In Fig. 3b, the yellow sodium light used for the fringe illustration consists of a pair of spaced lines, D1 and D2, implying that the interference pattern will blur after several hundred fringes. Single longitudinal mode lasers are coherent and can produce high contrast interference with differential pathlengths of millions or billions of wavelengths. On the other hand, using white light, the central fringe is sharp, but away from the central fringe the fringes are colored and become indistinct to the eye. Early experimentalists attempting to detect the earth's velocity relative to the supposed lumini

Frequency is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit of time. It is referred to as temporal frequency, which emphasizes the contrast to spatial frequency and angular frequency; the period is the duration of time of one cycle in a repeating event, so the period is the reciprocal of the frequency. For example: if a newborn baby's heart beats at a frequency of 120 times a minute, its period, T, — the time interval between beats—is half a second. Frequency is an important parameter used in science and engineering to specify the rate of oscillatory and vibratory phenomena, such as mechanical vibrations, audio signals, radio waves, light. For cyclical processes, such as rotation, oscillations, or waves, frequency is defined as a number of cycles per unit time. In physics and engineering disciplines, such as optics and radio, frequency is denoted by a Latin letter f or by the Greek letter ν or ν; the relation between the frequency and the period, T, of a repeating event or oscillation is given by f = 1 T.

The SI derived unit of frequency is the hertz, named after the German physicistHeinrich Hertz. One hertz means. If a TV has a refresh rate of 1 hertz the TV's screen will change its picture once a second. A previous name for this unit was cycles per second; the SI unit for period is the second. A traditional unit of measure used with rotating mechanical devices is revolutions per minute, abbreviated r/min or rpm. 60 rpm equals one hertz. As a matter of convenience and slower waves, such as ocean surface waves, tend to be described by wave period rather than frequency. Short and fast waves, like audio and radio, are described by their frequency instead of period; these used conversions are listed below: Angular frequency denoted by the Greek letter ω, is defined as the rate of change of angular displacement, θ, or the rate of change of the phase of a sinusoidalwaveform, or as the rate of change of the argument to the sine function: y = sin ⁡ = sin ⁡ = sin ⁡ d θ d t = ω = 2 π f Angular frequency is measured in radians per second but, for discrete-time signals, can be expressed as radians per sampling interval, a dimensionless quantity.

Angular frequency is larger than regular frequency by a factor of 2π. Spatial frequency is analogous to temporal frequency, but the time axis is replaced by one or more spatial displacement axes. E.g.: y = sin ⁡ = sin ⁡ d θ d x = k Wavenumber, k, is the spatial frequency analogue of angular temporal frequency and is measured in radians per meter. In the case of more than one spatial dimension, wavenumber is a vector quantity. For periodic waves in nondispersive media, frequency has an inverse relationship to the wavelength, λ. In dispersive media, the frequency f of a sinusoidal wave is equal to the phase velocity v of the wave divided by the wavelength λ of the wave: f = v λ. In the special case of electromagnetic waves moving through a vacuum v = c, where c is the speed of light in a vacuum, this expression becomes: f = c λ; when waves from a monochrome source travel from one medium to another, their frequency remains the same—only their wavelength and speed change. Measurement of frequency can be done in the following ways, Calculating the frequency of a repeating event is accomplished by counting the number of times that event occurs within a specific time period dividing the count by the length of the time period.

For example, if 71 events occur within 15 seconds the frequency is: f = 71 15 s ≈ 4.73 Hz If the number of counts is not large, it is more accurate to measure the time interval for a predetermined number of occurrences, rather than the number of occurrences within a specified time. The latter method introduces a random error into the count of between zero and one count, so on average half a count; this is called gating error and causes an average error in the calculated frequency of Δ f = 1 2 T

In quantum optics, correlation functions are used to characterize the statistical and coherence properties of an electromagnetic field. The degree of coherence is the normalized correlation of electric fields. In its simplest form, termed g, it is useful for quantifying the coherence between two electric fields, as measured in a Michelson or other linear optical interferometer; the correlation between pairs of fields, g is used to find the statistical character of intensity fluctuations. First order correlation is the amplitude-amplitude correlation and the second order correlation is the intensity-intensity correlation, it is used to differentiate between states of light that require a quantum mechanical description and those for which classical fields are sufficient. Analogous considerations apply to any Bose field in particular to mesons; the normalized first order correlation function is written as: g = ⟨ E ∗ E ⟩ 1 / 2, where ⟨ ⋯ ⟩ denotes an ensemble average. For non-stationary states, such as pulses, the ensemble is made up of many pulses.

When one deals with stationary states, where the statistical properties do not change with time, one can replace the ensemble average with a time average. If we restrict ourselves to plane parallel waves r = z. In this case, the result for stationary states will not depend on t 1, but on the time delay τ = t 1 − t 2; this allows us to write a simplified form g. In optical interferometers such as the Michelson interferometer, Mach–Zehnder interferometer, or Sagnac interferometer, one splits an electric field into two components, introduces a time delay to one of the components, recombines them; the intensity of resulting field is measured as a function of the time delay. In this specific case involving two equal input intensities, the visibility of the resulting interference pattern is given by: ν = | g | ν = | g | where the second expression involves combining two space-time points from a field; the visibility ranges from zero, for incoherent electric fields, to one, for coherent el

Coherence 6.1 Free

Underground nuclear testing is the test detonation of nuclear weapons, performed underground. When the device being tested is buried at sufficient depth, the explosion may be contained, with no release of radioactive materials to the atmosphere; the extreme heat and pressure of an underground nuclear explosion causes changes in the surrounding rock. The rock closest to the location of the test is vaporised. Farther away, there are zones of crushed and irreversibly strained rock. Following the explosion, the rock above the cavity may collapse. If this chimney reaches the surface, a bowl-shaped subsidence crater may form; the first underground test took place in 1951. From until the signing of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty in 1996, most nuclear tests were performed underground, in order to prevent nuclear fallout from entering into the atmosphere. Although public concern about fallout from nuclear testing grew in the early 1950s, fallout was discovered after the Trinity test in 1945. Photographic film manufacturers would report'fogged' films.

Intense fallout from the 1953 Simon test was documented as far as New York. The fallout from the March 1954 Bravo test in the Pacific would have 'scientific and social implications that have continued for more than 40 years'; the multi-megaton test caused fallout to occur on the islands of the Rongerik and Rongelap atolls, a Japanese fishing boat known as the Daigo Fukuryū Maru. Prior to this test, there was 'insufficient' appreciation of the dangers of fallout; the test became an international incident. In a PBS interview, the historian Martha Smith argued: 'In Japan, it becomes a huge issue in terms of not just the government and its protest against the United States, but all different groups and all different peoples in Japan start to protest, it becomes a big issue in the media. There are all kinds of letters and protests that come from, not Japanese fishermen, the fishermen's wives. They're concerned about, first of all, why the United States has the right to be carrying out those kinds of tests in the Pacific.

They're concerned about the health and environmental impact.' The Prime Minister of India 'voiced the heightened international concern' when he called for the elimination of all nuclear testing worldwide. Knowledge about fallout and its effects grew, with it concern about the global environment and long-term genetic damage. Talks between the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada and the Soviet Union began in May 1955 on the subject of an international agreement to end nuclear tests. On August 5, 1963, representatives of the United States, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom signed the Limited Test Ban Treaty, forbidding testing of nuclear weapons in the atmosphere, in space, underwater. Agreement was facilitated by the decision to allow underground testing, eliminating the need for on-site inspections that concerned the Soviets. Underground testing was allowed, provided that it does not cause 'radioactive debris to be present outside the territorial limits of the State under whose jurisdiction or control such explosion is conducted'.

Following analysis of underwater detonations that were part of Operation Crossroads in 1946, inquiries were made regarding the possible military value of an underground explosion. The Joint Chiefs of Staff thus obtained the agreement of the Atomic Energy Commission to perform experiments on both surface and sub-surface detonations; the island of Amchitka was selected for these tests in 1950, but the site was deemed unsuitable and the tests were moved to the Nevada Test Site. The first underground nuclear test was conducted on 29 November 1951; this was the 1.2 kiloton Buster-Jangle Uncle. The test was designed as a scaled-down investigation of the effects of a 23 kiloton ground penetrating gun-type device, being considered for use as a cratering and bunker-buster weapon; the explosion resulted in a cloud that rose to 3,500 m, deposited fallout to the north and north-northeast. The resulting crater was 16 m deep; the next underground test was Teapot Ess, on 23 March 1955. The 1 kiloton explosion was an operational test of an atomic demolition munition.

Coherence 6.1 Full

It was detonated 20.4 m underground, in a shaft lined with corrugated steel, back-filled with sandbags and dirt. Because the ADM was buried underground, the explosion blew tons of earth upwards, creating a crater 91 m wide and 39 m deep; the resulting mushroom cloud rose to a height of 3,700 m and subsequent radioactive fallout drifted in an easterly direction, travelling as far as 225 km from ground zero. On 26 July 1957, Plumbbob Pascal-A was detonated at the bottom of a 148 m shaft. According to one description, it 'ushered in the era of underground testing with a magnificent pyrotechnic Roman candle!' As compared with an above-ground test, the radioactive debris released to the atmosphere was reduced by a factor of ten. Theoretical work began on possible containment schemes. Plumbbob Rainier was detonated at 899 ft underground on 19 September 1957; the 1.7 kt explosion was the first to be contained underground, producing n

Gorredijk is the biggest town in the municipality of Opsterland, in the Dutch province of Friesland. Gorredijk had a population of 7,330 in January 2017. Before the 1600s, the wide area surrounding modern-day Gorredijk was populated by communities contenting themselves with shepherding, beekeeping and farming. Compared to the present day, keeping cattle was a uncommon phenomenon. Like in much of southeast Friesland, the soil between Gorredijk and Jubbega consisted of raised bog, excavated for peat. Around the turn of the 17th century, the value of this fossil fuel lured businesspeople like Jonker Dekema and the so-called Gentlemen Associates, who made an 'industry' out of selling the peat and ended up owning vast stretches of land—a good example being nearby Jonkersland; the year 1631 saw the completion of the Opsterlandse Compagnonsvaart, a 34 km long canal from Gorredijk to Smilde, in the neighboring province of Drenthe, to facilitate the transport of peat out of the area by way of barge. Soon after, the first migrant workers' houses were being constructed along the canal and a Hooghout bridge was built across, signifying the beginning of peat colony de Gordyk.

Around the start of the Third Anglo-Dutch War in 1672, a sconce was erected nearby referred to as de Skâns, presently the name of the town's cultural center. Gorredijk evolved into a market town in 1694, when the first weekly market and annual cattle market were organized. In the early 1700s, the neighboring settlement of Kortezwaag was merged into Gorredijk. At the end of the 18th century, there was a small influx of Jewish migrants; these people had founded a synagogue, school and a small Jewish cemetery by 1817. Few would return after the end of the war however; the last victim of the Second World War in Gorredijk was Gerke Numan, a member of the Dutch resistance. He and ten others had been tasked with preventing the retreating Germans from blowing up the main drawbridge in Gorredijk, so the First Canadian Army could give chase. Numan was killed in a firefight that ensued and the bridge was destroyed; the current bridge, installed during the post-war reconstruction, was named in his honor. On November 22, 1880, an organization called the Local Interest was established to aid the town's inhabitants by offering loans and mediation in local issues.

Having survived until the present day, the Local Interest is still involved in the town's matters and informs those interested in current goings-on via its website. Along with local interest groups in neighboring communities, it is a crucial dialog partner of the municipality of Opsterland. Gorredijk is home to five primary schools: de Vlieger, de Tsjerne, de Flambou, de Librije, a Protestant Christian school; the Burgemeester Harmsma School is the sole secondary school in town, while most students look to Heerenveen and Drachten for tertiary education. Notable residents of Gorredijk were and are: Roelof Kuipers, architect Tjeerd Kuipers, architect Hans de Jong, weather reporter for the RNW and NCRV, columnist for Trouw and De Woudklank Wilco Hellinga, former football player with BV Veendam and SC HeerenveenJannick de Jong and grasstrack racer Kim Stolker, first runner-up in the second season of Popstars Arjen Bergsma, football player with Harkemase Boys, FC Emmen and SC Heerenveen Media related to Gorredijk at Wikimedia Commons

Coherence 6.1 Software

Engineman is a United States Navy occupational rating. Engineman was the former name for the current U. S. Coast Guard rating of Machinery Technician. Enginemen operate and repair internal combustion engines used to power some of the Navy's ships and most of the Navy's small craft. Most Enginemen work with diesel engines. Enginemen operate and maintain electrohydraulic controllable-pitch propeller systems and steering engines and air conditioning systems, air compressors, desalinization plants and small auxiliary boilers. Aligning fuel and air piping systems and controlling operation of diesel engines used for ship and small craft propulsion, to generate electrical power. Engineman Fireman Recruit Engineman Fireman Apprentice Engineman Fireman Engineman Third Class Engineman Second Class Engineman First Class Chief Engineman Senior Chief Engineman Master Chief Engineman List of United States Navy ratings